What should I do if my dog has a retained placenta?

A retained placenta in dogs is a serious condition that occurs when the placenta, or afterbirth, is not expelled from the uterus after the delivery of puppies. This condition can lead to severe complications, including infection, uterine inflammation (metritis), and even life-threatening sepsis if not addressed promptly. Below is a detailed guide on what to do if your dog has a retained placenta.

1. Recognizing the signs of a retained placenta
The most obvious sign of a retained placenta is the absence of one or more placentas after all puppies have been delivered. Each puppy is typically accompanied by one placenta, so if you notice fewer placentas than puppies, this is a red flag. Other signs include lethargy, fever, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, loss of appetite, and signs of discomfort or pain in your dog. If you observe any of these symptoms, it is crucial to act quickly.

2. Immediate steps to take
If you suspect a retained placenta, the first step is to contact your veterinarian immediately. Time is of the essence, as the longer the placenta remains in the uterus, the higher the risk of complications. While waiting for veterinary advice, keep your dog calm and comfortable. Monitor her closely for any changes in behavior or worsening symptoms. Do not attempt to remove the placenta yourself, as this can cause injury or infection.

3. Veterinary intervention
Your veterinarian will likely perform a physical examination and may use diagnostic tools such as ultrasound or X-rays to confirm the presence of a retained placenta. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition. In some cases, the veterinarian may administer medications like oxytocin to stimulate uterine contractions and help expel the placenta. If the placenta is not expelled or if there are signs of infection, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the retained tissue and prevent further complications.

4. Risks and complications
A retained placenta can lead to serious health issues if left untreated. The most common complication is metritis, an infection of the uterus that can spread to the bloodstream, causing sepsis. This is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Other risks include uterine prolapse, where the uterus inverts and protrudes from the body, and long-term fertility issues. Early detection and treatment are critical to minimizing these risks.

5. Prevention and long-term care
While it is not always possible to prevent a retained placenta, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk. Ensure your dog is in good health before breeding, as underlying health issues can increase the likelihood of complications during whelping. Provide proper prenatal care, including regular veterinary check-ups and a balanced diet. During labor, monitor your dog closely and keep track of the number of placentas expelled. If you notice anything unusual, seek veterinary assistance immediately.

After treatment, your dog will need careful monitoring and supportive care. Follow your veterinarian's instructions regarding medications, wound care, and follow-up appointments. Keep your dog in a clean, quiet environment to promote healing and reduce stress. Watch for signs of infection, such as fever, lethargy, or unusual discharge, and report any concerns to your veterinarian promptly.

6. When to seek professional help
If you suspect a retained placenta or notice any signs of complications during or after whelping, do not delay in contacting your veterinarian. Early intervention is key to preventing serious health issues. Additionally, if your dog shows signs of distress, such as excessive panting, vomiting, or collapse, seek emergency veterinary care immediately.

In summary, a retained placenta is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt veterinary attention. By recognizing the signs, acting quickly, and providing appropriate care, you can help ensure the health and well-being of your dog. Always consult your veterinarian for guidance and support during this critical time.