What should I do if a puppy is born but not breathing?

If a puppy is born but not breathing, immediate action is required to increase its chances of survival. This situation is critical, and time is of the essence. Below is a detailed guide on what to do, including background information, practical steps, and when to seek professional help.

1. Assess the situation: When a puppy is born, it should begin breathing within seconds. If it does not, check for any obvious obstructions in the mouth or nose, such as the amniotic sac or mucus. Gently clear the airway using a clean cloth or your fingers. Be careful not to damage the delicate tissues.

2. Stimulate breathing: If the airway is clear but the puppy is still not breathing, you can stimulate it by gently rubbing its body with a clean, dry towel. Focus on the chest and back, as this can help stimulate the respiratory system. You can also flick the soles of the puppy's feet with your fingers to encourage a response.

3. Suction the airway: If the puppy is still not breathing, you may need to suction mucus or fluid from its airway. Use a bulb syringe or a small suction device designed for puppies. Insert the tip gently into the mouth and nose to remove any remaining fluid. Be cautious not to suction too forcefully, as this can cause injury.

4. Perform rescue breathing: If the puppy remains unresponsive, you may need to perform rescue breathing. Place the puppy on a flat surface with its head slightly extended. Cover the puppy's nose and mouth with your mouth and gently blow air into its lungs. Be careful not to overinflate the lungs, as this can cause damage. Give two to three small breaths, then pause to see if the puppy begins breathing on its own.

5. Check for a heartbeat: If the puppy is still not breathing, check for a heartbeat. Place your fingers on the chest, just behind the front legs, to feel for a pulse. If there is no heartbeat, you may need to perform chest compressions. Use two fingers to gently press on the chest, compressing it about one-third of its depth. Perform 30 compressions followed by two rescue breaths, repeating the cycle until the puppy responds or professional help arrives.

6. Warm the puppy: Hypothermia is a common issue in newborn puppies, especially if they are not breathing. Place the puppy on a warm, dry surface and cover it with a towel. You can also use a heating pad set to low or a warm water bottle wrapped in a towel to provide gentle warmth. Avoid overheating, as this can be dangerous.

7. Seek veterinary assistance: If the puppy does not begin breathing after these efforts, contact a veterinarian immediately. Time is critical, and professional intervention may be necessary. A vet can provide advanced resuscitation techniques, such as oxygen therapy or medications, to help the puppy.

8. Prevention and long-term care: To reduce the risk of puppies being born not breathing, ensure the mother is healthy and well-cared for during pregnancy. Provide a clean, warm, and stress-free environment for the birth. Monitor the mother and puppies closely during and after delivery. If you notice any signs of distress in the mother or puppies, seek veterinary advice promptly.

9. Potential risks: Be aware that attempting to resuscitate a puppy carries some risks, such as causing injury if techniques are performed incorrectly. Always handle the puppy gently and avoid excessive force. If you are unsure of what to do, contact a veterinarian for guidance.

10. Additional tips: Keep emergency supplies on hand, such as a bulb syringe, clean towels, and a heating pad. Familiarize yourself with basic puppy resuscitation techniques before the birth. If you are inexperienced, consider having a veterinarian or experienced breeder present during the delivery.

In summary, if a puppy is born not breathing, act quickly to clear the airway, stimulate breathing, and provide rescue breaths if necessary. Keep the puppy warm and seek veterinary assistance if it does not respond. Prevention and preparation are key to ensuring the health and safety of newborn puppies.