How do I handle a puppy that is not moving after birth?

Handling a puppy that is not moving after birth is a critical situation that requires immediate attention. Newborn puppies are fragile, and their survival depends on quick and appropriate action. Below is a detailed guide on how to address this situation, including background information, practical steps, and when to seek professional help.

1. Immediate Response
When a puppy is not moving after birth, the first step is to assess its condition. Check for signs of life, such as breathing or a heartbeat. If the puppy is not breathing or appears lifeless, you must act quickly. Time is of the essence, as newborn puppies can deteriorate rapidly without oxygen.

2. Clearing the Airway
The most common reason a puppy is not moving after birth is due to fluid blocking its airway. To clear the airway, gently hold the puppy in your hands with its head facing downward. Use a clean, soft cloth or towel to wipe away any visible fluid from its nose and mouth. Be careful not to shake the puppy, as this can cause injury.

3. Stimulating Breathing
If the puppy is still not breathing, you can gently rub its body with a towel to stimulate circulation and breathing. Focus on the chest and back, using firm but gentle strokes. This mimics the mother dog’s licking behavior, which helps stimulate the puppy’s respiratory system. You can also try gently blowing on the puppy’s face to encourage breathing.

4. Performing CPR (If Necessary)
If the puppy remains unresponsive, you may need to perform CPR. Lay the puppy on a flat surface and place your fingers on its chest, just behind the front legs. Gently compress the chest about once per second, being careful not to apply too much pressure. After 30 compressions, give two small breaths into the puppy’s nose, covering its mouth with your hand to ensure the air goes into the lungs. Continue this cycle until the puppy starts breathing or until you can get veterinary assistance.

5. Warming the Puppy
Newborn puppies are unable to regulate their body temperature, so hypothermia is a significant risk. If the puppy is cold, warm it gradually by placing it on a heating pad set to low or wrapping it in a warm towel. Avoid direct heat sources like hairdryers, as these can cause burns. The ideal temperature for a newborn puppy is around 95-99 degrees Fahrenheit.

6. Monitoring Vital Signs
Once the puppy starts breathing, monitor its vital signs closely. Check for a steady heartbeat, regular breathing, and normal body temperature. A healthy newborn puppy should have a pink tongue and gums, indicating proper oxygenation. If the puppy’s gums are blue or pale, it may still be in distress and require further intervention.

7. Feeding and Hydration
If the puppy stabilizes, it will need to nurse from its mother or be fed a puppy milk replacer. Colostrum, the first milk produced by the mother, is essential for providing antibodies and nutrients. If the mother is unavailable or unable to nurse, consult your veterinarian for guidance on feeding schedules and proper milk replacer formulas.

8. Potential Risks and Concerns
There are several risks associated with a non-moving puppy, including congenital defects, infections, or complications during birth. If the puppy does not respond to initial efforts, it may have a more severe underlying issue that requires veterinary attention. Additionally, handling a newborn puppy improperly can cause injury, so always be gentle and cautious.

9. Prevention and Long-Term Care
To prevent complications during birth, ensure the mother dog receives proper prenatal care, including regular veterinary checkups and a balanced diet. Create a clean, warm, and quiet whelping area for the birth. After delivery, monitor the puppies closely for the first few weeks, as this is a critical period for their development.

10. When to Seek Professional Help
If the puppy does not respond to your efforts within a few minutes, or if you are unsure how to proceed, contact your veterinarian immediately. Professional intervention may be necessary to save the puppy’s life. Additionally, if the mother dog shows signs of distress or if multiple puppies are affected, seek veterinary assistance promptly.

In conclusion, handling a non-moving puppy after birth requires quick thinking, gentle handling, and immediate action. By following these steps and seeking professional help when needed, you can increase the chances of the puppy’s survival and ensure its long-term health. Always prioritize the safety and well-being of both the mother and her puppies during this critical time.