What should I do if a dog has a history of being overly submissive?

If a dog has a history of being overly submissive, it is important to address this behavior with patience, understanding, and a structured approach. Overly submissive behavior in dogs can manifest in various ways, such as excessive cowering, rolling over to expose the belly, urinating when approached, or avoiding eye contact. While some submissive behaviors are normal and part of canine communication, excessive submission can indicate underlying anxiety, fear, or a lack of confidence. Here is a detailed guide on how to help a dog with this issue:

1. Understanding the Behavior
Submissive behavior is a natural part of canine social structure, but when it becomes excessive, it may stem from past trauma, lack of socialization, or an overly dominant environment. Dogs that have been punished harshly or raised in unstable environments are more likely to exhibit extreme submissive behaviors. It is crucial to recognize that this behavior is not a sign of disobedience but rather a coping mechanism for stress or fear.

2. Building Confidence
The primary goal is to help the dog build confidence in a safe and supportive environment. This can be achieved through positive reinforcement training, which rewards desired behaviors with treats, praise, or play. Avoid using punishment or harsh corrections, as these can reinforce the dog's fear and submissiveness. Instead, focus on creating positive associations with new experiences and interactions.

3. Socialization and Exposure
Gradual and controlled socialization can help an overly submissive dog feel more comfortable in various situations. Introduce the dog to new people, animals, and environments slowly, ensuring that each experience is positive. Start with low-stress scenarios and gradually increase the level of challenge as the dog becomes more confident. For example, begin by introducing the dog to calm, friendly dogs or people in a quiet setting before moving to busier environments.

4. Training and Structure
Consistent training and a structured routine can provide a sense of security for an overly submissive dog. Teach basic commands like sit, stay, and come using positive reinforcement. This not only helps the dog learn but also strengthens the bond between the dog and the owner. A predictable daily routine, including regular feeding times, walks, and play sessions, can also reduce anxiety and build confidence.

5. Avoiding Triggers
Identify and avoid situations that trigger the dog's submissive behavior. For example, if the dog urinates when approached directly, try approaching from the side or crouching down to appear less threatening. If the dog cowers when loud noises occur, create a quiet, safe space where the dog can retreat during stressful events.

6. Professional Help
If the dog's submissive behavior is severe or does not improve with consistent training and socialization, it may be necessary to consult a professional. A certified dog behaviorist or trainer with experience in fear-based behaviors can provide tailored guidance and support. In some cases, a veterinarian may recommend medication to help manage anxiety, especially if the dog's behavior is linked to a medical condition or extreme stress.

7. Long-Term Care
Building confidence in an overly submissive dog is a gradual process that requires ongoing effort. Continue to reinforce positive behaviors and provide opportunities for the dog to succeed in new situations. Regular exercise, mental stimulation, and enrichment activities, such as puzzle toys or scent work, can also help boost the dog's confidence and overall well-being.

8. Prevention
To prevent overly submissive behavior in the future, focus on early socialization and positive reinforcement training from puppyhood. Expose puppies to a variety of people, animals, and environments in a controlled and positive manner. Avoid using harsh training methods or creating an overly dominant environment, as these can lead to fear and submissiveness.

In summary, helping an overly submissive dog involves understanding the root cause of the behavior, building confidence through positive reinforcement, and providing a structured and supportive environment. With patience, consistency, and professional guidance when needed, most dogs can overcome excessive submissiveness and develop into more confident and well-adjusted companions.