What should I do if my rescue dog is overly submissive?

If your rescue dog is overly submissive, it is important to address this behavior with patience, understanding, and a structured approach. Submissive behavior in dogs can manifest as excessive cowering, rolling over to expose the belly, avoiding eye contact, or urinating when approached. While some submissive behaviors are normal in certain contexts, excessive submission can indicate underlying anxiety, fear, or past trauma, especially in rescue dogs with unknown histories. Here is a detailed guide on how to help your dog:

1. Understanding Submissive Behavior
Submissive behavior is a natural part of canine communication, often used to signal non-threatening intentions to other dogs or humans. However, in rescue dogs, this behavior may be exaggerated due to past negative experiences, such as abuse, neglect, or lack of socialization. Overly submissive dogs may feel insecure or fearful, leading to behaviors that can interfere with their quality of life and your relationship with them.

2. Building Trust and Confidence
The first step in addressing submissive behavior is to build trust and confidence in your dog. This requires a calm, consistent, and positive environment. Avoid sudden movements, loud noises, or anything that might startle your dog. Speak in a soft, reassuring tone and use gentle body language. Allow your dog to approach you on their terms, and avoid forcing interactions.

3. Positive Reinforcement Training
Positive reinforcement is one of the most effective ways to help a submissive dog gain confidence. Reward your dog with treats, praise, or affection for calm, confident behaviors. For example, if your dog approaches you without cowering, immediately reward them. Avoid punishing or scolding submissive behaviors, as this can reinforce their fear and anxiety.

4. Gradual Exposure to New Experiences
Submissive dogs often struggle with new or unfamiliar situations. Gradually expose your dog to new environments, people, and other animals in a controlled and positive way. Start with low-stress situations and slowly increase the level of challenge as your dog becomes more comfortable. For example, introduce new people one at a time and allow your dog to approach them at their own pace.

5. Establishing a Routine
A predictable routine can help reduce anxiety in submissive dogs. Feed your dog at the same times each day, take them for walks on a regular schedule, and provide consistent training sessions. This structure helps your dog feel secure and understand what to expect, which can reduce their overall stress levels.

6. Avoiding Overwhelming Situations
Be mindful of situations that might overwhelm your dog. For example, crowded places, loud gatherings, or interactions with overly energetic dogs can exacerbate submissive behaviors. Gradually introduce these environments only when your dog is ready, and always provide an escape route or safe space where they can retreat if needed.

7. Socialization with Other Dogs
Proper socialization with well-behaved, calm dogs can help your submissive dog learn appropriate social skills. Supervise all interactions and ensure they are positive and non-threatening. Avoid forcing your dog into interactions with dominant or overly playful dogs, as this can reinforce their submissive tendencies.

8. Addressing Submissive Urination
Submissive urination is a common issue in overly submissive dogs. To address this, avoid direct eye contact or leaning over your dog when greeting them, as these actions can be perceived as threatening. Instead, crouch down to their level and offer a treat or gentle petting. If accidents occur, clean them up without scolding, as punishment will only increase their anxiety.

9. When to Seek Professional Help
If your dog's submissive behavior does not improve despite your efforts, or if it is accompanied by signs of severe anxiety, such as excessive panting, trembling, or destructive behavior, consult a professional. A certified dog behaviorist or trainer with experience in fear-based behaviors can provide tailored guidance. In some cases, your veterinarian may recommend anti-anxiety medications to help your dog manage their stress.

10. Long-Term Care and Prevention
Helping a submissive dog gain confidence is a long-term process that requires ongoing effort. Continue to provide positive reinforcement, maintain a stable routine, and monitor your dog's progress. Celebrate small victories and remain patient, as building confidence can take time. Over time, your dog will likely become more comfortable and secure in their environment.

In conclusion, addressing overly submissive behavior in a rescue dog involves understanding their needs, building trust, and using positive reinforcement to encourage confidence. With patience and consistency, you can help your dog overcome their fears and develop a more balanced and happy demeanor.