What does it mean when a dog licks its lips during play?

When a dog licks its lips during play, it can have several meanings depending on the context and the dog's body language. Lip licking is a common canine behavior that serves as a form of communication, often indicating stress, anxiety, or a calming signal. However, during play, it can also be a sign of excitement, anticipation, or even a way to self-soothe. Understanding the nuances of this behavior requires observing the dog's overall demeanor and the situation.

1. Direct Response to the Question
Lip licking during play can signal a range of emotions or intentions. It might indicate that the dog is feeling slightly overwhelmed, trying to calm itself, or simply expressing excitement. It is important to assess the context and other body language cues to determine the exact meaning.

2. Detailed Explanation and Background Information
Dogs use body language to communicate with humans and other animals. Lip licking is one of many subtle signals that can convey their emotional state. In general, lip licking is considered a calming signal, a term coined by Norwegian dog trainer Turid Rugaas. Calming signals are behaviors dogs use to diffuse tension, communicate non-threatening intentions, or self-soothe in stressful situations.

During play, lip licking might occur if the dog is feeling overstimulated or unsure about the interaction. For example, if play becomes too rough or intense, the dog might lick its lips to signal that it needs a break or to calm itself down. On the other hand, lip licking can also occur when a dog is highly excited or anticipating something enjoyable, such as a treat or a favorite toy.

3. Scientific or Professional Insights
Research on canine behavior suggests that lip licking is often associated with stress or anxiety. A study published in the journal Applied Animal Behaviour Science found that dogs exhibit lip licking more frequently in stressful situations, such as when encountering unfamiliar people or environments. However, during play, the behavior might not always indicate stress. It could simply be a reflexive action triggered by excitement or anticipation.

4. Practical Tips and Recommendations
To interpret lip licking during play, observe the dog's overall body language. Look for signs of relaxation, such as a wagging tail, loose posture, and playful movements. If the dog seems tense, avoids eye contact, or shows other stress signals like yawning or panting, it might be feeling overwhelmed. In such cases, it is best to pause the play session and give the dog a chance to calm down.

If the lip licking appears to be related to excitement, ensure that the play remains positive and controlled. Avoid overstimulating the dog by keeping play sessions short and engaging in activities that the dog enjoys. Always monitor the dog's reactions and adjust the intensity of play as needed.

5. Potential Risks or Concerns
Ignoring lip licking during play could lead to increased stress or anxiety in the dog. If the behavior is a sign of discomfort, continuing to play might escalate the situation and result in defensive or aggressive behavior. It is crucial to recognize when the dog needs a break and respect its boundaries.

6. Additional Related Information
Lip licking is just one of many calming signals dogs use. Other common signals include yawning, turning away, and sniffing the ground. Understanding these behaviors can help you better communicate with your dog and create a more positive and stress-free environment.

7. References to Expert Opinions or Research
Turid Rugaas, a renowned dog behaviorist, has extensively studied calming signals in dogs. Her work emphasizes the importance of recognizing and responding to these signals to improve communication and strengthen the bond between dogs and their owners. Additionally, studies on canine stress behaviors, such as those published in Applied Animal Behaviour Science, provide valuable insights into the meaning of lip licking and other stress-related behaviors.

8. Step-by-Step Instructions
If you notice your dog licking its lips during play, follow these steps:
1. Pause the play session and observe the dog's body language.
2. Look for other signs of stress, such as tense posture, pinned-back ears, or avoidance.
3. If the dog seems stressed, give it a break and allow it to relax.
4. If the dog appears excited, resume play at a lower intensity and monitor its reactions.
5. Always prioritize the dog's comfort and well-being during play.

9. Prevention and Long-Term Care Suggestions
To prevent stress-related lip licking during play, ensure that play sessions are enjoyable and not overly intense. Use positive reinforcement to encourage calm behavior and provide plenty of opportunities for rest. Regularly assess your dog's comfort level and adjust activities as needed.

10. When to Seek Professional Help
If your dog frequently licks its lips during play or exhibits other signs of stress or anxiety, consult a professional dog trainer or behaviorist. They can help identify the underlying cause of the behavior and provide guidance on how to address it effectively. Persistent stress or anxiety in dogs can lead to more serious behavioral issues, so early intervention is key.

In summary, lip licking during play can have multiple meanings, ranging from excitement to stress. By paying close attention to your dog's body language and adjusting play accordingly, you can ensure a positive and enjoyable experience for both you and your dog.