How do dogs use their sense of touch to comfort other dogs?

Dogs use their sense of touch in various ways to comfort other dogs, and this behavior is deeply rooted in their social and evolutionary history. Touch is one of the primary ways dogs communicate and bond with each other, and it plays a significant role in their ability to provide comfort and reassurance. Here’s a detailed explanation of how dogs use touch to comfort one another, along with practical insights and related information.

1. Direct physical contact: Dogs often use direct physical contact to comfort other dogs. This can include leaning against each other, lying close together, or resting their head or body on another dog. This physical closeness releases oxytocin, often referred to as the "bonding hormone," in both dogs, which helps reduce stress and promote feelings of safety and security. For example, if one dog is anxious or scared, another dog may sit or lie close to them to provide reassurance.

2. Grooming behaviors: Dogs may lick or nibble at another dog’s face, ears, or body as a way to comfort them. This behavior is reminiscent of maternal care, as mother dogs lick their puppies to clean them and stimulate their development. When adult dogs engage in grooming behaviors with each other, it can serve as a calming gesture, reinforcing social bonds and reducing tension.

3. Playful touch: Dogs often use touch during play to comfort and reassure each other. Gentle nudging, pawing, or rolling over to expose their belly can be signs of trust and a way to diffuse tension. Playful touch helps dogs build positive associations with each other and can be particularly comforting in stressful situations.

4. Pressure and deep touch: Some dogs may use deep pressure to comfort others, such as lying on top of or pressing against another dog. This type of touch can have a calming effect, similar to how weighted blankets are used to reduce anxiety in humans. The pressure can help regulate the nervous system and provide a sense of security.

5. Tail and body positioning: While not direct touch, the way dogs position their bodies and tails can also convey comfort. A relaxed posture, wagging tail, or gentle nudge with the nose can signal to another dog that they are safe and supported. These subtle cues are part of the broader communication system dogs use to comfort each other.

6. Social learning and empathy: Dogs are highly social animals with the ability to empathize with others. Research has shown that dogs can recognize and respond to the emotional states of other dogs, often using touch as a way to offer comfort. For example, if one dog is injured or unwell, another dog may stay close, lick the affected area, or gently nudge them to provide support.

Practical tips for dog owners: If you have multiple dogs, observe their interactions to understand how they use touch to comfort each other. Encourage positive touch-based interactions by providing a calm and safe environment. Avoid interrupting comforting behaviors unless they escalate into something harmful, such as excessive licking that could irritate the skin.

Potential risks: While touch is generally a positive way for dogs to comfort each other, there are some risks to be aware of. Overly dominant or aggressive dogs may use touch inappropriately, such as pinning another dog down or biting. Additionally, excessive licking or grooming can lead to skin irritation or infections. Monitor your dogs’ interactions to ensure they remain healthy and balanced.

When to seek professional help: If you notice that one dog is consistently stressed, anxious, or aggressive despite the comforting efforts of another dog, it may be time to consult a veterinarian or a certified dog behaviorist. They can help identify underlying issues and provide guidance on how to manage the situation effectively.

In summary, dogs use their sense of touch in multiple ways to comfort each other, from direct physical contact to grooming and playful interactions. These behaviors are rooted in their social nature and ability to empathize with others. By understanding and supporting these natural behaviors, dog owners can foster a harmonious and comforting environment for their pets.