How do dogs show submission?

Dogs show submission through a variety of body language signals and behaviors that communicate their non-threatening intentions and willingness to defer to another individual, whether it is another dog or a human. Understanding these signals is crucial for interpreting a dog's emotional state and ensuring positive interactions. Below is a detailed explanation of how dogs display submission, along with practical insights and recommendations.

1. Body posture: A submissive dog often lowers its body close to the ground. This can range from a slight crouch to lying completely flat on its belly. The goal is to appear smaller and less threatening. The head is typically lowered, and the ears are pulled back or flattened against the skull. The tail is usually tucked between the legs or held low and wagging slowly.

2. Facial expressions: Submissive dogs often display a "submissive grin," where the lips are pulled back slightly to expose the front teeth. This is not the same as an aggressive snarl, as the rest of the body language will be soft and non-threatening. The eyes may appear half-closed or averted, avoiding direct eye contact, which can be perceived as a challenge.

3. Licking: Submissive dogs may lick the face or mouth of a more dominant dog or a human. This behavior is rooted in puppyhood, where puppies lick their mother's face to solicit food. In adult dogs, it serves as a gesture of deference and respect.

4. Rolling over: A dog may roll onto its back, exposing its belly. This is one of the most overt signs of submission, as it leaves the dog in a vulnerable position. The belly is a sensitive area, and exposing it signals trust and a lack of aggression. Some dogs may also urinate slightly when in this position, which is known as submissive urination.

5. Avoiding confrontation: Submissive dogs often avoid direct confrontation by turning their head away, moving slowly, or retreating. They may also freeze in place to show they are not a threat.

6. Play bow: While often associated with playfulness, the play bow (front legs stretched forward, rear end in the air) can also be a submissive gesture. It signals that the dog is in a non-threatening, friendly state and is inviting interaction.

7. Vocalizations: Submissive dogs may whine, whimper, or make soft, high-pitched sounds to communicate their non-threatening intentions. These sounds are often accompanied by other submissive body language.

Understanding these signals is essential for dog owners and anyone interacting with dogs. Misinterpreting submissive behavior can lead to misunderstandings or even unintentional reinforcement of fear or anxiety. For example, if a dog rolls over and exposes its belly, it is not always an invitation for a belly rub. Some dogs do this out of fear, and touching them in this state may increase their anxiety.

Practical tips for responding to submissive behavior include:
1. Remain calm and avoid sudden movements, which can startle a submissive dog.
2. Do not force interaction if the dog seems uncomfortable. Allow them to approach you on their terms.
3. Use a soft, reassuring tone of voice to help the dog feel safe.
4. Avoid direct eye contact, as this can be perceived as threatening. Instead, look slightly to the side.
5. Reward calm, confident behavior with treats or praise to build the dog's confidence over time.

Potential risks or concerns include the possibility of reinforcing fear-based submissive behavior. For example, if a dog urinates submissively and the owner reacts with frustration or punishment, this can worsen the behavior. Instead, focus on creating a positive, low-stress environment.

If a dog consistently displays extreme submissive behavior, such as excessive cowering, trembling, or submissive urination, it may indicate underlying anxiety or fear. In such cases, consulting a professional dog trainer or a veterinary behaviorist is recommended. They can help identify the root cause and develop a tailored behavior modification plan.

In summary, dogs show submission through a combination of body language, facial expressions, and vocalizations. Recognizing and responding appropriately to these signals is key to fostering a positive relationship with your dog and ensuring their emotional well-being. By understanding and respecting their communication, you can help your dog feel safe and secure in their environment.