What are the risks of feeding my dog too much lithium?

Feeding your dog lithium, whether intentionally or accidentally, poses significant health risks and should be avoided entirely. Lithium is a medication primarily used in humans to treat bipolar disorder, and it is not approved or safe for use in dogs. Below, I will explain the risks, symptoms of toxicity, and steps to take if your dog has ingested lithium.

1. Risks of Lithium in Dogs
Lithium can be highly toxic to dogs, even in small amounts. Dogs metabolize medications differently than humans, and their bodies are not equipped to handle lithium safely. The primary risks include:
- Toxicity: Lithium can cause severe toxicity in dogs, leading to organ damage, particularly to the kidneys and nervous system.
- Electrolyte Imbalance: Lithium interferes with sodium levels in the body, which can disrupt normal cellular function and lead to life-threatening complications.
- Neurological Effects: High levels of lithium can affect the brain, causing seizures, tremors, and other neurological symptoms.

2. Symptoms of Lithium Toxicity
If your dog has ingested lithium, symptoms may appear within hours or days, depending on the dose. Common signs of lithium toxicity in dogs include:
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Excessive thirst and urination
- Lethargy or weakness
- Tremors or muscle twitching
- Loss of coordination or difficulty walking
- Seizures
- Confusion or disorientation
- Increased heart rate or abnormal heart rhythms

3. Immediate Steps to Take
If you suspect your dog has ingested lithium, act quickly:
1. Contact your veterinarian or an emergency animal hospital immediately. Provide details about the amount of lithium ingested and the time of ingestion.
2. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a veterinarian, as this can sometimes worsen the situation.
3. Bring the lithium container or packaging with you to the vet, as this will help them determine the dosage and type of lithium involved.

4. Treatment for Lithium Toxicity
Treatment will depend on the severity of the toxicity and may include:
- Inducing vomiting or administering activated charcoal to prevent further absorption of lithium.
- Intravenous fluids to flush the lithium from the system and correct electrolyte imbalances.
- Monitoring kidney function and heart rate.
- Medications to control seizures or other symptoms.

5. Long-Term Risks and Prevention
Even with prompt treatment, lithium toxicity can have long-term effects on your dog's health, particularly on the kidneys and nervous system. To prevent accidental ingestion:
- Store all medications, including lithium, in a secure location out of your dog's reach.
- Avoid giving your dog any human medications without consulting your veterinarian.
- Be cautious when disposing of medications, as dogs may scavenge through trash.

6. When to Seek Professional Help
If you suspect your dog has ingested lithium, do not wait for symptoms to appear. Contact your veterinarian immediately. Early intervention is critical to minimizing the risk of severe complications.

7. Additional Considerations
Lithium toxicity is a medical emergency, and delaying treatment can lead to irreversible damage or death. Always err on the side of caution and seek professional help if you have any concerns about your dog's health.

In summary, lithium is not safe for dogs and can cause severe toxicity. Be vigilant about keeping medications out of your dog's reach, and seek immediate veterinary care if ingestion occurs. Your veterinarian is your best resource for ensuring your dog's safety and well-being.