How is gastritis treated in dogs?

Gastritis in dogs refers to inflammation of the stomach lining, which can cause symptoms such as vomiting, loss of appetite, lethargy, and abdominal discomfort. Treatment for gastritis depends on the underlying cause, severity of symptoms, and the overall health of the dog. Below is a comprehensive guide to treating gastritis in dogs, including practical steps, professional insights, and long-term care recommendations.

1. Identifying the Cause
The first step in treating gastritis is determining the underlying cause. Common causes include dietary indiscretion (eating something inappropriate), infections (bacterial, viral, or parasitic), toxins, medications, stress, or underlying health conditions like kidney or liver disease. A veterinarian will typically perform a physical exam, review the dog's medical history, and may recommend diagnostic tests such as blood work, fecal analysis, or imaging to identify the cause.

2. Initial Management at Home
For mild cases of gastritis, especially those caused by dietary indiscretion, initial management at home may be appropriate. This includes withholding food for 12 to 24 hours to allow the stomach to rest. However, water should always be available to prevent dehydration. After the fasting period, introduce a bland diet in small, frequent meals. A bland diet typically consists of boiled chicken (without skin or bones) and plain white rice or a prescription gastrointestinal diet recommended by your vet.

3. Veterinary Treatment
If symptoms persist or worsen, or if the dog appears dehydrated or lethargic, veterinary intervention is necessary. Treatment may include the following:
a. Fluid Therapy: Dehydration is a common concern with gastritis, especially if vomiting is frequent. Subcutaneous or intravenous fluids may be administered to restore hydration and electrolyte balance.
b. Anti-Nausea Medications: Medications like maropitant (Cerenia) or metoclopramide can help control vomiting and nausea, making the dog more comfortable.
c. Antacids or Gastroprotectants: Drugs such as famotidine (Pepcid) or omeprazole may be prescribed to reduce stomach acid and protect the stomach lining.
d. Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics may be necessary. However, they are not routinely prescribed unless there is clear evidence of infection.
e. Dietary Management: A veterinarian may recommend a specific therapeutic diet designed for gastrointestinal health, which is easier to digest and less likely to irritate the stomach.

4. Monitoring and Follow-Up
After initial treatment, it is important to monitor the dog closely for improvement. Gradually transition back to the dog's regular diet over several days, mixing the bland diet with their normal food in increasing proportions. If symptoms recur or fail to improve, further diagnostic tests or a change in treatment plan may be needed.

5. Potential Risks and Concerns
Untreated or severe gastritis can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, or damage to the stomach lining. Chronic gastritis may indicate an underlying condition that requires long-term management. Always consult a veterinarian if symptoms persist or if the dog shows signs of severe illness, such as bloody vomit, extreme lethargy, or abdominal pain.

6. Prevention and Long-Term Care
Preventing gastritis involves minimizing exposure to potential triggers. This includes:
a. Avoiding table scraps or foods that are toxic to dogs, such as chocolate, onions, or grapes.
b. Preventing access to garbage, spoiled food, or foreign objects.
c. Managing stress, as anxiety can contribute to gastrointestinal issues.
d. Feeding a high-quality, balanced diet appropriate for the dog's age, size, and health status.
e. Regular veterinary check-ups to detect and manage underlying health conditions.

7. When to Seek Professional Help
Seek immediate veterinary care if the dog exhibits severe symptoms, such as persistent vomiting, bloody vomit or stool, abdominal swelling, or signs of pain. Additionally, if the dog has a history of chronic gastritis or underlying health issues, consult a veterinarian for a tailored treatment plan.

In summary, treating gastritis in dogs involves identifying the cause, providing supportive care, and addressing symptoms with appropriate medications and dietary changes. With prompt and proper treatment, most dogs recover fully. However, prevention and long-term management are key to reducing the risk of recurrence and ensuring the dog's overall health and well-being. Always consult a veterinarian for guidance tailored to your dog's specific needs.