What are the steps to take if your dog has a seizure?

If your dog has a seizure, it can be a frightening experience, but knowing how to respond calmly and effectively is crucial. Here are the steps to take if your dog has a seizure, along with detailed explanations and practical advice to help you manage the situation.

1. Stay calm and ensure safety. The first and most important step is to remain calm. Dogs can sense your anxiety, which may make the situation more stressful for them. Clear the area around your dog to prevent injury. Move furniture, sharp objects, or anything that could harm your dog during the seizure. If your dog is on a high surface, such as a bed or couch, gently lower them to the floor to prevent falls.

2. Do not restrain your dog. During a seizure, your dog may thrash or move uncontrollably. It is important not to hold them down or try to stop their movements, as this could cause injury to both you and your dog. Allow the seizure to run its course while keeping your dog safe from hazards.

3. Time the seizure. Note the start time of the seizure and monitor its duration. Most seizures last between 30 seconds to two minutes. If the seizure lasts longer than five minutes, it is considered a medical emergency, and you should seek immediate veterinary care. Prolonged seizures, known as status epilepticus, can be life-threatening.

4. Protect your dog’s head. Place a soft towel or cushion under your dog’s head to prevent injury from hitting the floor. Avoid putting your hands near your dog’s mouth, as they may unintentionally bite during the seizure. Contrary to popular belief, dogs cannot swallow their tongues during a seizure, so there is no need to intervene in this way.

5. Observe and document the seizure. Pay close attention to the details of the seizure, as this information will be valuable for your veterinarian. Note the type of movements (e.g., paddling, twitching, stiffness), any loss of consciousness, and whether your dog urinates or defecates during the episode. If possible, record a video of the seizure to show your vet.

6. Comfort your dog after the seizure. Once the seizure ends, your dog may be disoriented, confused, or temporarily blind. Speak softly and offer reassurance. Keep the environment quiet and calm to help them recover. Some dogs may experience a post-ictal phase, which can include restlessness, pacing, or excessive thirst. Allow your dog to rest and avoid overstimulation.

7. Contact your veterinarian. After the seizure, call your veterinarian to report the incident, even if it was brief and your dog seems fine. Your vet may recommend bringing your dog in for an examination, especially if this is the first seizure or if there are concerning symptoms. Seizures can be caused by various underlying conditions, such as epilepsy, toxins, brain tumors, or metabolic disorders, so a thorough evaluation is essential.

8. Follow your vet’s recommendations. Your veterinarian may suggest diagnostic tests, such as blood work, urinalysis, or imaging, to determine the cause of the seizure. If your dog is diagnosed with epilepsy or another condition, they may prescribe medication to manage seizures. Follow your vet’s instructions carefully and administer any prescribed treatments as directed.

9. Monitor for future seizures. Keep a seizure diary to track the frequency, duration, and severity of any additional episodes. This information will help your vet adjust treatment plans if necessary. Be vigilant for signs of cluster seizures, which occur when multiple seizures happen in a short period, as these require immediate veterinary attention.

10. Prevent triggers. If your dog has a history of seizures, work with your vet to identify and avoid potential triggers, such as stress, certain foods, or environmental factors. Maintaining a consistent routine and minimizing stressors can help reduce the likelihood of seizures.

11. Know when to seek emergency care. If your dog has multiple seizures in a row, a seizure lasting more than five minutes, or difficulty breathing, seek emergency veterinary care immediately. These situations can be life-threatening and require prompt intervention.

In summary, responding to a dog’s seizure involves staying calm, ensuring safety, timing the episode, and providing comfort afterward. Always consult your veterinarian for guidance and follow their recommendations for long-term care. By understanding the steps to take and being prepared, you can help your dog through this challenging experience and ensure they receive the care they need.