What are the best ways to monitor my dog’s health during pregnancy?

Monitoring your dog’s health during pregnancy is crucial to ensure the well-being of both the mother and her developing puppies. A dog’s pregnancy typically lasts around 63 days, though it can vary slightly depending on the breed and individual dog. Here’s a detailed guide on how to monitor your dog’s health during this critical period.

1. Veterinary confirmation of pregnancy
The first step is to confirm the pregnancy with your veterinarian. This can be done through palpation, ultrasound, or blood tests. Ultrasound is the most common method and can detect pregnancy as early as 21-25 days after breeding. Your vet will also assess your dog’s overall health and provide guidance on care.

2. Nutrition and diet
Proper nutrition is essential during pregnancy. Your dog’s caloric needs will increase as the pregnancy progresses, especially in the last trimester. Feed a high-quality, balanced diet formulated for pregnant or nursing dogs. Gradually increase her food intake by about 25-50% by the end of the pregnancy. Avoid overfeeding early on, as this can lead to obesity, which complicates delivery.

3. Regular veterinary check-ups
Schedule regular veterinary visits throughout the pregnancy. Your vet will monitor your dog’s weight, check for any signs of complications, and ensure the puppies are developing properly. Around day 45, your vet may recommend an X-ray to count the number of puppies and assess their size and positioning.

4. Monitoring physical changes
Observe your dog for physical changes. Early signs of pregnancy include weight gain, enlarged nipples, and a swollen abdomen. As the pregnancy progresses, you may notice behavioral changes such as nesting behavior or increased affection. Be alert for any unusual symptoms like vomiting, lethargy, or discharge, as these could indicate complications.

5. Exercise and activity
Moderate exercise is important to keep your dog healthy and prevent excessive weight gain. Short, gentle walks are ideal. Avoid strenuous activities or rough play, especially in the later stages of pregnancy. Provide a comfortable, quiet space for your dog to rest.

6. Preparing for whelping
As the due date approaches, prepare a whelping box in a quiet, warm area. The box should be large enough for your dog to move around comfortably and have low sides for easy access. Line it with clean, soft bedding. Familiarize your dog with the whelping box well before delivery.

7. Monitoring for complications
Be vigilant for signs of complications such as prolonged labor, excessive bleeding, or a puppy stuck in the birth canal. If your dog shows signs of distress, such as continuous straining without producing a puppy, seek veterinary assistance immediately. Other red flags include fever, foul-smelling discharge, or refusal to eat.

8. Post-pregnancy care
After delivery, monitor your dog for signs of infection or mastitis, which is inflammation of the mammary glands. Ensure she is eating well and caring for her puppies. Keep the whelping area clean and provide plenty of fresh water. Schedule a post-delivery check-up with your vet to ensure both the mother and puppies are healthy.

9. Emotional support
Pregnancy can be stressful for your dog. Provide plenty of love and reassurance. Avoid unnecessary changes to her routine or environment. If she seems anxious, consult your vet for advice on calming techniques or supplements.

10. When to seek professional help
Contact your vet immediately if you notice any of the following: prolonged labor, excessive bleeding, signs of pain, lethargy, refusal to eat, or any other concerning symptoms. Early intervention can prevent serious complications.

By following these steps, you can help ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery for your dog. Regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, and attentive monitoring are key to supporting your dog through this important time. Always consult your vet with any concerns or questions, as they can provide tailored advice based on your dog’s specific needs.