What should I prepare before my dog starts whelping?

Preparing for your dog to start whelping, or giving birth, is an important process that requires careful planning and attention to detail. Proper preparation ensures the safety and health of both the mother and her puppies. Below is a comprehensive guide to help you get ready for this significant event.

1. Create a Whelping Area
Set up a quiet, comfortable, and secure space for your dog to give birth. This area should be warm, draft-free, and easy to clean. A whelping box is ideal, as it provides a contained space that prevents the puppies from wandering off and getting injured. The box should be large enough for the mother to stretch out comfortably but have low sides to allow her to step in and out easily. Line the box with clean, soft bedding, such as old towels or blankets, which can be easily washed or replaced.

2. Gather Essential Supplies
Prepare a whelping kit with all the necessary supplies. This kit should include:
- Clean towels or cloths for drying the puppies
- Sterile scissors and dental floss for cutting and tying umbilical cords if needed
- A heating pad or heat lamp to keep the puppies warm
- A digital thermometer to monitor the mother’s temperature
- Disposable gloves for hygiene
- A scale to weigh the puppies after birth
- A notebook to record birth times, weights, and other details
- Puppy milk replacer and a feeding bottle in case the mother cannot nurse
- An antiseptic solution for cleaning the umbilical cord area

3. Monitor the Mother’s Health
In the weeks leading up to whelping, ensure your dog is in good health. Schedule a veterinary check-up to confirm her pregnancy and discuss any potential complications. Your vet may recommend an ultrasound or X-ray to determine the number of puppies and assess their size. Keep an eye on your dog’s diet, as she will need high-quality, nutrient-rich food to support her and her growing puppies. Gradually increase her food intake as the pregnancy progresses, but avoid overfeeding to prevent obesity.

4. Learn the Signs of Labor
Familiarize yourself with the signs that labor is approaching. These may include restlessness, nesting behavior, a drop in body temperature (usually below 100°F), loss of appetite, and panting. The first stage of labor can last up to 24 hours and involves uterine contractions. The second stage is the actual delivery of the puppies, which typically occurs every 30-60 minutes. The third stage involves the expulsion of the placenta. If more than two hours pass between puppies or if the mother seems to be in distress, contact your veterinarian immediately.

5. Be Prepared for Emergencies
While most dogs whelp without complications, it’s important to be ready for potential issues. Have your veterinarian’s contact information readily available, as well as the number for an emergency veterinary clinic. Be aware of signs of trouble, such as prolonged labor, excessive bleeding, or a puppy stuck in the birth canal. If you notice any of these signs, seek professional help immediately.

6. Post-Whelping Care
After the puppies are born, monitor the mother and her litter closely. Ensure all puppies are nursing and gaining weight. Keep the whelping area clean and warm, as newborn puppies cannot regulate their body temperature. Check the mother for signs of infection, such as fever, lethargy, or discharge, and provide her with plenty of food and water to support milk production.

7. Long-Term Considerations
Once the puppies are born, you’ll need to plan for their care and eventual placement in homes. Socialize the puppies early by gently handling them and exposing them to new sights, sounds, and experiences. Schedule their first veterinary check-up at around six weeks of age for vaccinations and deworming. If you’re not planning to breed your dog again, discuss spaying with your veterinarian to prevent future pregnancies.

By preparing thoroughly and staying informed, you can help ensure a safe and successful whelping experience for your dog and her puppies. If you have any doubts or concerns, don’t hesitate to consult your veterinarian for guidance.