How can I help my dog during the whelping process?

Helping your dog during the whelping process requires preparation, observation, and a calm approach. Whelping, or the process of giving birth to puppies, is a natural event, but it can be stressful for both the dog and the owner. Here’s a detailed guide to ensure you provide the best support for your dog during this critical time.

1. Preparation Before Whelping:
Start by preparing a whelping area at least one to two weeks before the expected due date. This area should be quiet, warm, and free from distractions. Use a whelping box, which is a safe, enclosed space with low sides to allow the mother to move in and out easily. Line the box with clean, soft bedding that can be easily replaced. Gather essential supplies such as clean towels, sterile gloves, scissors, dental floss (for tying umbilical cords if necessary), a heating pad, and a thermometer. Have your veterinarian’s contact information readily available in case of emergencies.

2. Monitoring the Signs of Labor:
Dogs typically show signs of labor 24 to 48 hours before whelping begins. These signs include restlessness, nesting behavior, loss of appetite, and a drop in body temperature (below 100°F). As labor approaches, your dog may pant, shiver, or vomit. These are normal signs, but if they persist for more than a few hours without progress, contact your veterinarian.

3. During the Whelping Process:
The whelping process occurs in three stages. Stage one involves uterine contractions and can last 6 to 12 hours. Your dog may appear anxious and pace or dig at her bedding. Stage two is the active delivery of puppies, which can take anywhere from a few minutes to several hours between each puppy. Stage three involves the expulsion of the placenta. Ensure each placenta is passed, as retained placentas can cause infection.

During stage two, allow your dog to take the lead. Most dogs instinctively know what to do. However, be ready to assist if necessary. If a puppy is stuck in the birth canal for more than 10 minutes, gently help by applying steady, gentle pressure. Use a clean towel to grip the puppy if needed. After each puppy is born, the mother will usually lick the puppy to clean it and stimulate breathing. If she doesn’t, you can step in by gently rubbing the puppy with a clean towel.

4. Post-Whelping Care:
After all puppies are born, ensure the mother is comfortable and has access to fresh water and food. Monitor her for signs of distress, such as excessive bleeding, lethargy, or refusal to care for the puppies. Keep the whelping area clean and warm, as newborn puppies cannot regulate their body temperature. Use a heating pad set on low, placed under part of the bedding, to provide warmth without overheating.

5. Potential Risks and Concerns:
Complications during whelping can include dystocia (difficult birth), where a puppy is too large or positioned incorrectly. Signs of dystocia include prolonged straining without delivering a puppy, green discharge without a puppy being born, or the mother appearing exhausted. In such cases, seek immediate veterinary assistance. Other concerns include retained placentas, uterine infections, or inadequate milk production.

6. Long-Term Care and Prevention:
After whelping, ensure the mother receives a high-quality, nutrient-rich diet to support milk production. Monitor the puppies’ growth and ensure they are nursing properly. Schedule a post-whelping check-up with your veterinarian to confirm the mother’s health and address any concerns. For future pregnancies, consider discussing breeding practices and potential risks with your veterinarian to ensure the health of both the mother and puppies.

7. When to Seek Professional Help:
Contact your veterinarian if labor lasts more than 24 hours without progress, if the mother shows signs of severe pain or distress, or if you notice abnormal discharge or bleeding. Additionally, if a puppy appears weak, isn’t breathing, or isn’t nursing, seek veterinary advice immediately.

By being prepared, observant, and proactive, you can help your dog have a safe and successful whelping experience. Always prioritize the health and well-being of both the mother and her puppies, and don’t hesitate to seek professional guidance when needed.