What should I do if a puppy is born with its eyes open?

If a puppy is born with its eyes open, it is an unusual occurrence that requires careful attention. Puppies are typically born with their eyes closed, and they usually open their eyes between 10 to 14 days after birth. This delay allows their eyes to develop properly and protects them from potential infections or damage during the early stages of life. When a puppy is born with its eyes open, it can indicate a developmental anomaly or premature birth, which may pose risks to the puppy's health.

1. Immediate Steps to Take:
First, remain calm and assess the puppy's overall condition. Check for any signs of distress, such as difficulty breathing, lethargy, or inability to nurse. If the puppy appears healthy and is nursing well, monitor it closely for the first few days. However, if the puppy shows any signs of illness or weakness, contact a veterinarian immediately.

2. Protecting the Eyes:
Puppies born with their eyes open are at a higher risk of eye infections, injuries, or exposure to irritants. To protect the eyes, keep the whelping area clean and free of dust, debris, or strong chemicals. Avoid direct exposure to bright lights, as the puppy's eyes may be more sensitive. If you notice any discharge, redness, or swelling around the eyes, consult a veterinarian promptly.

3. Monitoring Development:
Observe the puppy's behavior and development closely. Ensure it is nursing properly and gaining weight, as this is a critical indicator of overall health. If the puppy struggles to nurse or seems weaker than its littermates, supplemental feeding with a puppy milk replacer may be necessary. Keep track of milestones, such as the puppy's ability to move, respond to stimuli, and interact with its littermates.

4. Potential Risks:
Puppies born with their eyes open may have underdeveloped eyelids or tear ducts, which can lead to dry eyes or other complications. Additionally, their vision may not be fully developed, making them more vulnerable to injuries. Be cautious when handling the puppy and avoid exposing it to environments that could harm its eyes, such as areas with sharp objects or excessive sunlight.

5. Veterinary Consultation:
It is essential to consult a veterinarian as soon as possible if a puppy is born with its eyes open. The vet can assess the puppy's overall health, check for any underlying conditions, and provide guidance on how to care for the puppy's eyes. They may recommend eye drops or ointments to prevent dryness or infections and monitor the puppy's development over time.

6. Long-Term Care:
As the puppy grows, continue to monitor its eye health and overall development. Regular veterinary check-ups are crucial to ensure the puppy is thriving and to address any potential issues early. Provide a safe and clean environment, and avoid exposing the puppy to situations that could harm its eyes or overall well-being.

7. When to Seek Professional Help:
Seek immediate veterinary assistance if the puppy shows signs of eye irritation, such as excessive tearing, redness, or squinting. Additionally, if the puppy fails to gain weight, appears lethargic, or shows any other signs of illness, professional intervention is necessary. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the puppy's chances of a healthy life.

In conclusion, while a puppy born with its eyes open is rare, it is not necessarily a cause for alarm if the puppy appears healthy and is nursing well. However, close monitoring and veterinary care are essential to address any potential risks and ensure the puppy's proper development. By taking proactive steps to protect the puppy's eyes and overall health, you can help it grow into a strong and healthy dog.