What should I do if my dog has a fever?

If your dog has a fever, it is important to act promptly and carefully to ensure their health and comfort. A fever in dogs, defined as a body temperature above 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit (39.2 degrees Celsius), is often a sign that their body is fighting an infection, inflammation, or another underlying issue. Here is a detailed guide on how to handle this situation:

1. Recognizing the Signs of Fever
Dogs cannot tell us when they feel unwell, so it is crucial to recognize the signs of a fever. Common symptoms include lethargy, shivering, loss of appetite, warm or dry nose, red eyes, vomiting, coughing, and nasal discharge. If you notice these signs, it is time to check your dog's temperature.

2. How to Take Your Dog's Temperature
To confirm a fever, you will need to take your dog's temperature rectally. Use a digital thermometer designed for pets, as it is safer and more accurate. Lubricate the thermometer with petroleum jelly or a water-based lubricant, gently insert it about an inch into your dog's rectum, and wait for the reading. Normal temperature for dogs ranges between 101 and 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit (38.3 to 39.2 degrees Celsius). If the reading is above this range, your dog has a fever.

3. Immediate Steps to Take
If your dog has a fever, keep them calm and comfortable. Ensure they have access to fresh water, as fever can lead to dehydration. Offer a cool, quiet place for them to rest. You can also use a damp cloth to gently cool their paws and ears, but avoid using ice or very cold water, as this can cause shock.

4. When to Contact a Veterinarian
A fever above 103 degrees Fahrenheit (39.4 degrees Celsius) or one that lasts more than 24 hours requires immediate veterinary attention. Additionally, if your dog shows severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, seizures, or extreme lethargy, seek professional help right away. A veterinarian can perform diagnostic tests to determine the cause of the fever and recommend appropriate treatment.

5. Potential Causes of Fever
Fever in dogs can be caused by various factors, including bacterial or viral infections, heatstroke, toxins, autoimmune diseases, or even cancer. Your veterinarian may conduct blood tests, urinalysis, or imaging studies to identify the underlying cause. Treatment will depend on the diagnosis and may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, or other therapies.

6. Home Care and Monitoring
If your veterinarian advises home care, monitor your dog's temperature regularly and keep them hydrated. Offer bland, easily digestible food if they are willing to eat. Avoid giving human medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen, as these can be toxic to dogs. Follow your vet's instructions carefully and report any changes in your dog's condition.

7. Prevention and Long-Term Care
To reduce the risk of fever, ensure your dog is up to date on vaccinations and receives regular veterinary check-ups. Maintain a clean and safe environment to minimize exposure to infectious agents. Provide a balanced diet and regular exercise to support their immune system. If your dog has a history of recurrent fevers, discuss long-term management strategies with your veterinarian.

8. When to Seek Emergency Care
If your dog's fever reaches 106 degrees Fahrenheit (41.1 degrees Celsius) or higher, this is a medical emergency. High fevers can cause organ damage and be life-threatening. Rush your dog to the nearest veterinary clinic immediately.

In summary, a fever in dogs is a sign that something is wrong and requires attention. By recognizing the symptoms, taking accurate temperature readings, and seeking veterinary care when necessary, you can help your dog recover safely. Always prioritize professional advice and avoid home remedies that could harm your pet. With proper care and monitoring, most dogs with fevers can return to their normal, healthy selves.