What should I do immediately after the puppies are born?

After puppies are born, it is crucial to take immediate and careful steps to ensure the health and safety of both the mother dog (dam) and her newborns. Here is a detailed guide on what to do immediately after the puppies are born:

1. Ensure the mother and puppies are safe and warm. The birthing area should be quiet, clean, and free from drafts. Use clean towels or blankets to keep the puppies warm, as they cannot regulate their body temperature effectively in the first few weeks of life. A heating pad set on low and placed under part of the whelping box can help, but ensure it does not overheat the area.

2. Allow the mother to clean the puppies. The dam will instinctively lick the puppies to remove the birth sac and stimulate their breathing. If she does not do this within a minute or two, you may need to step in. Gently remove the sac with a clean towel, rub the puppy dry, and clear any fluid from its nose and mouth using a bulb syringe if necessary.

3. Tie off and cut the umbilical cord if the mother does not do so. Use sterile scissors to cut the cord about an inch from the puppy’s body, and tie it off with sterile thread to prevent bleeding. Apply a small amount of iodine to the stump to prevent infection.

4. Ensure each puppy is breathing and nursing. Puppies should begin nursing within the first hour after birth. Colostrum, the first milk produced by the mother, is rich in antibodies and essential for their immune system. If a puppy is not nursing, gently guide it to a nipple. If it still does not latch, consult a veterinarian immediately.

5. Monitor the mother for signs of distress or complications. Post-birth, the dam may experience exhaustion, but she should not show signs of severe pain, excessive bleeding, or lethargy. If she appears unwell, contact a veterinarian promptly.

6. Count the placentas. There should be one placenta for each puppy. Retained placentas can lead to infection, so if you suspect one is missing, seek veterinary advice.

7. Keep the whelping area clean. Remove soiled bedding and replace it with clean, dry material. This helps prevent infections and keeps the environment comfortable for the mother and puppies.

8. Weigh the puppies daily. Puppies should gain weight steadily in the first few weeks. A lack of weight gain or weight loss can indicate health issues or insufficient milk supply. Keep a record of their weights to monitor their progress.

9. Watch for signs of fading puppy syndrome. This condition, which can occur in the first few weeks of life, is characterized by weakness, low body temperature, and failure to thrive. If you notice any of these signs, seek veterinary care immediately.

10. Provide the mother with high-quality nutrition. Nursing dogs require a diet rich in calories, protein, and nutrients to support milk production. Consult your veterinarian for recommendations on the best food for her during this time.

11. Limit handling of the puppies in the first few days. While it is important to check on them, excessive handling can stress the mother and disrupt bonding. Always wash your hands before touching the puppies to prevent the spread of germs.

12. Schedule a veterinary check-up. Within 24-48 hours after birth, have the mother and puppies examined by a veterinarian to ensure they are healthy and to address any potential issues early.

By following these steps, you can help ensure a smooth transition for the mother and her puppies during the critical postpartum period. Always be prepared to seek professional help if you notice any signs of distress or complications. Proper care and attention in the early days can set the foundation for the puppies’ long-term health and well-being.