What is the history of the Pekingese in companionship and Chinese royalty?

The Pekingese is a breed with a rich and storied history deeply intertwined with Chinese royalty and companionship. Originating in ancient China, this small, lion-like dog was revered as a sacred animal and held in the highest regard by Chinese emperors and nobility. The breed's history spans over 2,000 years, and its role as a companion to royalty is one of the most fascinating aspects of its legacy.

1. Origins and Royal Connection:
The Pekingese is believed to have been developed in China during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), though some accounts suggest its origins may date back even further to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). According to legend, the Pekingese was created when a lion fell in love with a marmoset and asked the Buddha to shrink him to the size of the marmoset so they could be together. The Buddha granted the lion's wish, and the Pekingese was born, symbolizing courage and nobility despite its small size. This mythological origin reflects the breed's status as a symbol of power and grace.

2. Role in Chinese Royalty:
The Pekingese was exclusively owned by members of the Chinese imperial family and was considered a sacred guardian of the palace. These dogs were treated with the utmost care and respect, often living in luxurious quarters and being tended to by eunuchs. They were not allowed to be owned by commoners, and stealing or harming a Pekingese was punishable by death. The breed was so highly valued that it was often depicted in Chinese art, including paintings, sculptures, and tapestries, further cementing its association with royalty.

3. Companionship and Symbolism:
The Pekingese served as both companions and symbols of imperial power. Their lion-like appearance was seen as a representation of the lion, a sacred animal in Buddhism and a symbol of strength and protection. The breed's small size and regal demeanor made it an ideal lapdog for emperors and empresses, who often carried them in the sleeves of their robes. The Pekingese was also believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune to the imperial household.

4. The Opium Wars and the Breed's Introduction to the West:
The Pekingese remained a closely guarded treasure of the Chinese imperial family until the mid-19th century. During the Second Opium War in 1860, British and French troops looted the Summer Palace in Beijing, where they discovered several Pekingese dogs. These dogs were brought back to England and presented to Queen Victoria, who named one of them Looty. This marked the beginning of the breed's introduction to the Western world, where it quickly gained popularity among the aristocracy.

5. Modern-Day Pekingese:
Today, the Pekingese is cherished as a companion dog worldwide, though it retains its regal demeanor and unique appearance. The breed is known for its long, flowing coat, flat face, and confident personality. While no longer exclusive to royalty, the Pekingese continues to be a symbol of elegance and refinement.

6. Practical Tips for Pekingese Owners:
Owning a Pekingese requires special care due to its unique physical characteristics. Their flat faces make them prone to respiratory issues, so it is important to avoid overexertion and keep them in a cool environment. Regular grooming is essential to maintain their luxurious coat and prevent matting. Additionally, their independent nature means they may require patient and consistent training.

7. Potential Risks and Concerns:
The Pekingese is susceptible to certain health issues, including brachycephalic syndrome, eye problems, and joint disorders. Prospective owners should be aware of these risks and work with a reputable breeder who prioritizes health and temperament. Regular veterinary check-ups are crucial to ensure the dog's well-being.

8. When to Seek Professional Help:
If a Pekingese shows signs of respiratory distress, such as excessive panting or difficulty breathing, it is important to seek veterinary care immediately. Similarly, any changes in behavior, appetite, or mobility should be addressed promptly.

In conclusion, the Pekingese is a breed with a remarkable history rooted in Chinese royalty and companionship. Its journey from the imperial palaces of ancient China to the homes of dog lovers worldwide is a testament to its enduring charm and significance. By understanding and respecting its heritage, owners can provide the care and attention this noble breed deserves.