How were dogs used in the Asuka Period’s military?

During the Asuka Period in Japan (538-710 CE), dogs played a significant role in military and societal contexts, though their use was not as extensively documented as in later periods. Dogs were primarily utilized for their natural abilities, such as guarding, tracking, and companionship, which made them valuable assets in military operations. Here is a detailed explanation of how dogs were used during this time, along with insights into their roles and significance.

1. Guarding and Protection
Dogs were commonly employed as guard animals to protect military encampments, important buildings, and even high-ranking officials. Their keen senses of hearing and smell made them excellent at detecting intruders or potential threats. In the Asuka Period, where warfare often involved surprise attacks or raids, having dogs on guard provided an early warning system. They would bark or growl to alert soldiers of approaching enemies, giving the military time to prepare for defense.

2. Tracking and Hunting
Dogs were also used for tracking enemies or fugitives. Their ability to follow scents over long distances made them invaluable in locating individuals who had fled or were hiding. This skill was particularly useful in military campaigns where capturing or eliminating specific targets was crucial. Additionally, dogs were used in hunting, which not only provided food for soldiers but also helped maintain their tracking and combat skills during peacetime.

3. Companionship and Morale
Dogs served as companions to soldiers, boosting morale during long campaigns. The bond between humans and dogs has long been recognized for its psychological benefits, and in the Asuka Period, this companionship likely helped soldiers cope with the stresses of warfare. Dogs provided comfort and a sense of normalcy, which was especially important in a time when military life was harsh and unpredictable.

4. Symbolic and Ceremonial Roles
In addition to their practical uses, dogs held symbolic significance in the Asuka Period. They were sometimes associated with loyalty and bravery, qualities highly valued in warriors. Dogs might have been included in ceremonial practices or rituals to invoke these traits in soldiers. While specific details are scarce, it is reasonable to assume that dogs were respected and honored for their contributions to military efforts.

5. Potential Risks and Concerns
While dogs were valuable assets, their use in military contexts also posed challenges. Training dogs for specific tasks required time and resources, and not all dogs were suited for such roles. Additionally, dogs could be vulnerable to injury or illness during campaigns, which could limit their effectiveness. Ensuring the well-being of military dogs was likely a concern, as their loss could impact the overall success of a mission.

6. Long-Term Care and Prevention
To maintain the effectiveness of military dogs, proper care and training were essential. This included providing adequate food, shelter, and medical attention. Training would have focused on obedience, tracking, and guarding skills, ensuring that dogs could perform their duties reliably. Preventative measures, such as regular health checks and protective gear, might have been used to minimize risks during combat.

7. When to Seek Professional Help
In the Asuka Period, the expertise of dog handlers or trainers would have been crucial for managing military dogs. These individuals would have been responsible for selecting, training, and caring for the dogs, ensuring they were fit for service. If a dog showed signs of illness, injury, or behavioral issues, seeking the help of a knowledgeable handler would have been necessary to address the problem and maintain the dog's effectiveness.

In conclusion, dogs in the Asuka Period’s military were primarily used for guarding, tracking, and companionship, with additional symbolic roles. Their natural abilities made them valuable assets, though their use required careful training and care. Understanding the historical context of dogs in military settings provides insight into the evolving relationship between humans and dogs, highlighting their enduring importance in various aspects of society.