Why do some dogs lick their lips when they are anxious?

Dogs lick their lips when they are anxious as a form of communication and a self-soothing behavior. This behavior is part of a broader category of canine body language known as "calming signals," which dogs use to communicate their emotional state and to diffuse tension in stressful situations. Lip licking is a subtle but important signal that can indicate discomfort, stress, or anxiety in dogs.

From a scientific perspective, lip licking in anxious dogs is linked to the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions. When a dog feels stressed or anxious, their body releases stress hormones like cortisol, which can trigger physical responses such as increased salivation. Lip licking helps manage this excess saliva and may also serve as a way for the dog to cope with the discomfort of the situation.

In terms of behavior, lip licking is often a sign that a dog is trying to calm itself or communicate its unease to others. Dogs are highly social animals, and they use body language to interact with both humans and other dogs. When a dog licks its lips in response to anxiety, it may be attempting to signal to others that it is not a threat and is seeking to avoid conflict. For example, a dog might lick its lips when approached by a stranger, during a vet visit, or in a noisy environment.

Practical tips for recognizing and addressing lip licking in anxious dogs include observing the context in which the behavior occurs. If your dog licks its lips frequently in specific situations, such as during thunderstorms or when meeting new people, it is likely a sign of stress. To help your dog feel more comfortable, you can try the following steps:

1. Identify and minimize stressors. Pay attention to what triggers your dog's anxiety and try to reduce exposure to those triggers. For example, if your dog is anxious around loud noises, create a quiet, safe space for them during storms or fireworks.

2. Use positive reinforcement. Reward your dog with treats, praise, or play when they remain calm in stressful situations. This helps them associate the situation with positive outcomes.

3. Provide mental and physical stimulation. Regular exercise and enrichment activities can help reduce overall anxiety levels in dogs. Puzzle toys, training sessions, and interactive games can keep your dog engaged and less prone to stress.

4. Consider desensitization and counterconditioning. Gradually expose your dog to the source of their anxiety in a controlled way, pairing it with positive experiences. For example, if your dog is anxious around strangers, start by having a familiar person approach slowly while offering treats.

5. Use calming aids if necessary. Products like anxiety wraps, pheromone diffusers, or calming supplements may help some dogs feel more relaxed. Consult your veterinarian before using any supplements or medications.

Potential risks or concerns to be aware of include the possibility that frequent lip licking could indicate an underlying medical issue, such as nausea, dental problems, or gastrointestinal discomfort. If your dog's lip licking is accompanied by other symptoms like vomiting, drooling, or changes in appetite, it is important to consult a veterinarian to rule out health problems.

Additionally, chronic anxiety in dogs can lead to more serious behavioral issues, such as destructive behavior, excessive barking, or aggression. Addressing anxiety early can prevent these problems from developing.

When to seek professional help: If your dog's anxiety is severe or persistent, or if your efforts to manage it are not effective, it may be time to consult a professional. A certified dog behaviorist or a veterinarian with expertise in behavior can help develop a tailored plan to address your dog's specific needs. In some cases, medication may be recommended to help manage anxiety.

In summary, lip licking in anxious dogs is a common and meaningful behavior that serves as both a communication tool and a coping mechanism. By understanding the reasons behind this behavior and taking steps to reduce your dog's stress, you can help them feel more comfortable and secure. Always monitor your dog's overall health and behavior, and seek professional guidance if needed to ensure their well-being.