What is the difference between "come" and "heel"?

The commands "come" and "heel" are fundamental in dog training, but they serve very different purposes and are used in distinct contexts. Understanding the difference between these two commands is essential for effective communication with your dog and ensuring they respond appropriately in various situations.

1. Definition and Purpose:
The "come" command, also known as recall, is used to call your dog to you from a distance. It is a critical command for safety, allowing you to bring your dog back to you in potentially dangerous situations, such as when they are approaching a busy road or an unfamiliar animal. The goal of "come" is to have your dog return to you promptly and reliably, regardless of what they are doing at the time.

On the other hand, "heel" is a command used to keep your dog walking closely by your side, typically on a leash. The "heel" position is usually on your left side, with the dog's shoulder aligned with your leg. This command is particularly useful for controlled walks, obedience training, and situations where you need your dog to stay close and focused on you, such as in crowded areas or when passing other dogs or people.

2. Training Techniques:
Training a dog to "come" involves teaching them to respond to your call by leaving whatever they are doing and returning to you. This command is often reinforced with positive rewards, such as treats, praise, or play. Start training in a controlled environment with minimal distractions, and gradually increase the level of difficulty as your dog becomes more reliable. Use a consistent verbal cue, such as "come" or "here," and always reward your dog when they respond correctly. It's important to avoid using the "come" command for negative experiences, such as calling your dog to scold them, as this can create a negative association and reduce their willingness to obey.

Training a dog to "heel" requires teaching them to walk calmly and closely by your side without pulling on the leash. Begin by holding a treat in your hand at your side and encouraging your dog to follow it as you walk. Use a verbal cue, such as "heel," and reward your dog for maintaining the correct position. Gradually phase out the treat, using praise and occasional rewards to reinforce the behavior. Consistency is key, and it's important to practice in various environments to ensure your dog can maintain the "heel" position even with distractions.

3. Practical Applications:
The "come" command is essential for off-leash activities, such as hiking or playing in a park, where you need to ensure your dog can return to you quickly and safely. It is also useful in emergencies, such as if your dog escapes from your yard or gets loose during a walk.

The "heel" command is particularly valuable for controlled walks in urban or crowded areas, where you need your dog to stay close and not pull on the leash. It is also useful in obedience competitions, where precise control and focus are required.

4. Potential Risks and Concerns:
One common mistake with the "come" command is using it inconsistently or without proper reinforcement, which can lead to a lack of reliability. If your dog does not respond to "come" in a critical situation, it could result in danger for both you and your dog. It's important to practice recall regularly and in various environments to ensure your dog responds reliably.

With the "heel" command, a common issue is expecting too much too soon. Dogs may struggle to maintain the "heel" position for extended periods, especially in distracting environments. It's important to build up the duration and difficulty gradually, and to be patient and consistent in your training.

5. Long-Term Care and Prevention:
To maintain a reliable "come" command, continue to practice recall regularly, even after your dog has mastered it. Use high-value rewards and vary the environments to keep your dog engaged and responsive. Avoid overusing the command, as this can lead to desensitization.

For the "heel" command, ongoing practice is also essential. Incorporate "heel" into your daily walks and use it in different settings to reinforce the behavior. Be mindful of your dog's energy levels and avoid overworking them, as fatigue can lead to lapses in focus and obedience.

6. When to Seek Professional Help:
If your dog consistently fails to respond to the "come" or "heel" commands despite consistent training, it may be helpful to consult a professional dog trainer or behaviorist. They can assess your dog's behavior, identify any underlying issues, and provide tailored guidance to improve your training efforts.

In summary, "come" and "heel" are both important commands that serve different purposes in dog training. "Come" is used for recall, bringing your dog back to you from a distance, while "heel" is used for controlled walking, keeping your dog close by your side. Both commands require consistent training, positive reinforcement, and ongoing practice to ensure reliability and effectiveness. Understanding the differences and applying the appropriate techniques will help you build a strong, communicative relationship with your dog.