How do dogs use their sense of touch to express affection toward other dogs?

Dogs use their sense of touch in a variety of ways to express affection toward other dogs, and this behavior is deeply rooted in their social nature and communication methods. Touch is one of the primary ways dogs interact with their environment and each other, and it plays a significant role in bonding and social hierarchy within a pack or group of dogs. Below, I will explain how dogs use touch to express affection, the science behind it, and practical insights into understanding and interpreting these behaviors.

1. Direct physical contact: One of the most common ways dogs express affection through touch is by leaning against or resting their body on another dog. This behavior is a sign of trust and comfort, as it demonstrates that the dog feels safe and secure in the presence of the other dog. Leaning can also be a way to establish closeness and reinforce social bonds. For example, a dog may lean on a companion during rest or while walking together.

2. Nuzzling and licking: Dogs often nuzzle or lick each other as a way to show affection. Nuzzling involves gently pressing their nose or face against another dog, which can be a comforting gesture. Licking, particularly around the face and ears, is a behavior rooted in puppyhood, as puppies lick their mother’s face to solicit food and care. In adult dogs, licking can be a submissive or affectionate gesture, signaling goodwill and reinforcing social bonds.

3. Playful touching: Dogs frequently use touch during play to express affection and build relationships. Play behaviors like pawing, gentle nipping, or rolling over to expose their belly are ways dogs engage with each other in a friendly and affectionate manner. These actions are often accompanied by wagging tails and relaxed body language, indicating that the interaction is positive and enjoyable.

4. Sleeping close together: Dogs that sleep in close physical contact with each other are demonstrating a strong bond and affection. This behavior is common in pack animals, as it provides warmth, security, and a sense of belonging. Sleeping together also reinforces social cohesion and trust within the group.

5. Grooming behaviors: Mutual grooming, such as licking or nibbling at each other’s fur, is another way dogs use touch to express affection. This behavior helps strengthen social bonds and is often seen between dogs that have a close relationship. Grooming also serves a practical purpose by keeping their coats clean and free of parasites.

Scientific insights into these behaviors reveal that touch is a critical component of canine communication. Dogs have highly sensitive skin and nerve endings, particularly around their face, ears, and paws, which makes touch a powerful way to convey emotions. Additionally, oxytocin, often referred to as the "love hormone," is released during positive physical interactions, further reinforcing the bond between dogs.

Practical tips for observing and understanding these behaviors include paying attention to body language and context. For example, a dog leaning on another dog while wagging its tail and showing relaxed facial expressions is likely expressing affection. However, if the body language is tense or the other dog appears uncomfortable, it may indicate a different dynamic.

Potential risks or concerns to be aware of include misinterpretation of touch-based behaviors. Not all physical contact is affectionate; some dogs may use touch to assert dominance or establish boundaries. It’s important to monitor interactions to ensure they remain positive and avoid escalating into conflict.

Prevention and long-term care suggestions involve providing opportunities for positive social interactions. Regular playdates with compatible dogs, supervised group activities, and fostering a calm and secure environment can help dogs build and maintain affectionate relationships.

If you notice signs of aggression, fear, or discomfort during touch-based interactions, it’s important to intervene and seek professional help from a veterinarian or certified dog behaviorist. They can assess the situation and provide guidance on managing or improving the relationship between the dogs.

In summary, dogs use their sense of touch in numerous ways to express affection, from leaning and nuzzling to playful touching and mutual grooming. Understanding these behaviors can help dog owners foster positive relationships between their pets and ensure their emotional well-being.