What should I do if my dog has a seizure?

If your dog has a seizure, it can be a frightening experience, but knowing how to respond can help you stay calm and ensure your dog's safety. Here is a detailed guide on what to do if your dog has a seizure, including background information, practical steps, and when to seek professional help.

1. Stay calm and ensure safety. The first and most important step is to remain calm. Dogs can sense your emotions, and staying composed will help prevent additional stress for your pet. Move any objects or furniture away from your dog to prevent injury during the seizure. Do not try to restrain your dog or put your hands near their mouth, as they may unintentionally bite during the convulsions.

2. Observe and time the seizure. Note the duration of the seizure, as this information is crucial for your veterinarian. Most seizures last between 30 seconds to two minutes. If the seizure lasts longer than five minutes, it is considered a medical emergency, and you should seek immediate veterinary care. Also, observe the type of seizure—whether it involves full-body convulsions, localized twitching, or loss of consciousness—as this can help your vet diagnose the underlying cause.

3. Keep your dog cool. Seizures can cause a dog's body temperature to rise, especially if the seizure is prolonged. Place a cool, damp towel near your dog (not directly on them) to help regulate their temperature. Avoid using ice or very cold water, as this can cause shock.

4. Do not interfere during the seizure. While it may be tempting to comfort your dog by holding or petting them, it is best to avoid touching them during the seizure. Dogs in the midst of a seizure are not aware of their surroundings and may react unpredictably. Wait until the seizure has completely ended before offering comfort.

5. Post-seizure care. After the seizure, your dog may appear disoriented, confused, or temporarily blind. This is normal and is part of the post-ictal phase, which can last from a few minutes to several hours. Provide a quiet, comfortable space for your dog to recover. Offer water if they are alert and able to drink, but avoid feeding them until they are fully recovered.

6. Identify potential triggers. If this is your dog's first seizure, try to recall any recent changes in their environment, diet, or routine that might have triggered the episode. Exposure to toxins, such as certain plants, chemicals, or human medications, can cause seizures. If you suspect poisoning, contact your veterinarian or an emergency animal poison control center immediately.

7. Seek veterinary care. Even if the seizure was brief and your dog seems to recover fully, it is essential to consult your veterinarian. Seizures can be caused by a variety of conditions, including epilepsy, brain tumors, infections, metabolic disorders, or toxins. Your vet may recommend diagnostic tests, such as blood work, urinalysis, or imaging, to determine the underlying cause.

8. Long-term management. If your dog is diagnosed with epilepsy or another chronic condition, your veterinarian may prescribe anticonvulsant medications to help manage seizures. Follow your vet's instructions carefully, and never adjust the dosage or stop medication without consulting them. Regular check-ups and monitoring are essential to ensure your dog's condition is well-managed.

9. Prevention and monitoring. While not all seizures can be prevented, maintaining a healthy lifestyle for your dog can reduce the risk. Provide a balanced diet, regular exercise, and routine veterinary care. If your dog has a history of seizures, keep a seizure diary to track the frequency, duration, and any potential triggers. This information can help your vet adjust treatment as needed.

10. When to seek emergency help. If your dog experiences multiple seizures in a short period (cluster seizures) or a seizure lasting more than five minutes, seek emergency veterinary care immediately. Prolonged seizures can lead to brain damage, hyperthermia, or other life-threatening complications.

In summary, if your dog has a seizure, prioritize their safety, stay calm, and observe the episode carefully. Seek veterinary care to identify the cause and develop a management plan. With proper care and monitoring, many dogs with seizures can lead happy, healthy lives.